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FenTigerA "compare and contrast" with OAuth sounds great, too, but might give people the impression that they have to pick one or the other - which I don't think is necessarily true, though I haven't fully explored the implications of merging them.
I think it is more a situation where each has a different use case.
OWA allows
[email protected] to log into example.com as
[email protected], and example.com determines what
[email protected] can do on example.com. Example.com cannot impersonate
[email protected], nor can example.com control example.social on behalf of the user.
Whereas with OAuth, you can set it up so that example.com becomes an agent for
[email protected] and depending on how you set it up, example.com can manipulate example.social on behalf of the user.
Or at least that is the layman's explanation of it. In that sense, OWA is simpler to set up, and also purposefully limits the scope of power example.com has in relation to example.social.