Future archaeologists may wonder why our civilization took such a crude, short-sighted, combative approach to nature. For example Monsanto tried to kill weeds with the herbicide Roundup, based on glyphosphate, and make a lot of money selling seeds that were genetically engineered to resist it. People went wild spraying whole fields with glyphosphate.
It didn't take long for nature to laugh that off.
Monsanto claimed it was “highly unlikely” that glyphosate-resistant weeds would become a problem. But resistance showed up in a plant called Palmer amaranth in 2004, and it spread rapidly, because this plant puts out pollen that can blow long distances on the wind.
By 2009, a mutation in Palmer amaranth let the plant make more than 150 copies of the gene that glyphosate targets.
Plants make little loops of free-floating DNA that carry traits between species. So now resistance to gylphosphate is spreading from one species to another!
Plants are also developing 'metabolic resistance', where they become able to break down a wide variety of herbicides.
We may not think of it this way, but we are breeding these plants to do this. As the biologist Patrick Tranel said:
“When you try to kill something, what does it do? It tries to not be killed.”
There are other ways to deal with 'weeds' - that is, plants that don't ask permission to grow. But because our civilization is not good at thinking ahead, we will only accept this when we build the situation into a full-blown 'crisis'.
A crisis of nature not wanting to die.
https://www.technologyreview.com/2024/10/10/1105034/weeds-climate-change-genetic-engineering-superweeds-food/