Becky Smith

@rlsdvm
225 Followers
332 Following
588 Posts
Epidemiologist at the University of Illinois (Vet Med and Med), using data to control and fight disease for One Health. She/her
Lab Websitevetmed.illinois.edu/mdci
I-Tickhttps://vetmed.illinois.edu/i-tick/
MCEVBDhttps://mcevbd.wisc.edu/

This post will trigger a troll feeding frenzy on Xitter. But I think it's necessary, and maybe people are saner here on Mastodon.

It's time to summarize a timeline of COVID vaccine statistics and what they say about whether the vaccines reduced transmission or not, and whether "experts" lied or not. Here goes...

[1]
To begin, let's remember that vaccines seek to do 4 things, in descending order of importance and likelihood:
1. prevent death
2. prevent hospitalization
3. prevent symptomatic disease
4. prevent infection & transmission

[2]
2020: COVID mRNA vaccines shown in RCTs to be ~95% effective in preventing symptomatic disease caused by original Wuhan variant.
https://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/nejmoa2034577

[3]
To receive Emergency Use Authorization, vaccine did NOT need to stop transmission (though that would have been nice). Criterion was reduction in symptomatic disease by >50%, which was met and exceeded.
https://www.fda.gov/media/139638/download

[4]
Even so, those original COVID vaccine formulations DID reduce transmission, as shown in multiple studies in early 2021.
https://www.thelancet.com/journals/lanepe/article/PIIS2666-7762(21)00127-7/fulltext
https://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/PIIS0140-6736(21)00448-7/fulltext

[5]
Throughout 2021, evidence was mounting that COVID vaccines were indeed significantly curtailing transmission. Every sign pointed to the pandemic ending early if we could get enough people vaccinated quickly.
https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.abl4292

[6]
This was when some countries brought in vaccine passports, which made scientific sense. (You can debate the ethics elsewhere.) By slowing mixing of vaccinated & unvaccinated populations, risk of breakthrough infections was reduced.
https://www.cmaj.ca/content/194/16/e573

[7]
The emergence of Delta variant changed the math considerably. Two doses of vaccine were still ~70% effective at preventing Delta infection, which was pretty darned good! We could still tame the pandemic with vaccination if we did it fast enough...
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10169571

[8]
Then the emergence of Omicron (noticeably in Canada in late 2021) changed everything by curtailing vaccine efficacy. This is when vax passports stopped making sense, as they were disproportionately exposing vaxxed people to the virus, though they had diminished protection.

[9]
By 2022, it was clear that vaccination was no longer able to subdue transmission significantly. But three doses of an mRNA vaccine gave substantial protection against death for both delta (80%) and omicron (78%), along with 61% protection against admission to hospital.
https://www.bmj.com/content/381/bmj.p1111

[10]
Beware the narrative of the vaccine minimizers. The original vaccine could STILL reduce Omicron transmission somewhat.
https://www.gavi.org/vaccineswork/new-research-proves-covid-19-vaccines-can-slow-spread-disease-even-omicron

[11]
A telling California prison study in 2023 found that *one dose of any COVID vaccine* reduced the probability of an infected inmate transmitting infection to his cellmate by 24%. Again, that's reduced TRANSMISSION.
https://www.nature.com/articles/s41591-022-02138-x

[12]
The bivalent booster came out in Sep/2022. It was able to prevent actual infection by ~54%, which means it was also significantly slowing transmission. Yet uptake was poor.
https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/fullarticle/2814536
https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/volumes/72/wr/mm7205e1.htm

[13]
The newest XBB1.5 booster came out in 2023. It has an efficacy against hospitalization of >70%. It also has an efficacy of ~54% against symptomatic infection. This is not as great as the 95% we saw in 2020, but it's pretty damned good! Yet currently only 16% of Canadians have received this vaccine.
https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/volumes/73/wr/mm7304a2.htm

[14]
A robust meta-study of secondary attack rates throughout the pandemic found that all the vaccines offered some degree of reduction in TRANSMISSION, regardless of the variant:
https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamanetworkopen/fullarticle/2791601

[15]
What's the takeaway?
1. COVID mRNA vaccines work.
2. They have always worked.
3. They work best when the vaccine is updated to match the current variant
4. They have always reduced transmission
5. They still reduce transmission
6. Nobody lied to you.

Safety and Efficacy of the BNT162b2 mRNA Covid-19 Vaccine | NEJM

Original Article from The New England Journal of Medicine — Safety and Efficacy of the BNT162b2 mRNA Covid-19 Vaccine

New England Journal of Medicine
@hazelweakly I have a bunch of these:
- It’s not a skills shortage. It’s a cheapskate surplus.
- AWS is cheap to fail in, but expensive to succeed.
- If you can’t restore, you don’t have backups. You have a slow and expensive implementation of /dev/null.
- Being an ITIL expert is like being an expert at hitting yourself in the face because you can do it faster and with greater accuracy.
- Powerpoint is the hammer that lots of people use to paint their house.
- ‘Common sense’ means ‘No, not that’.
- Every human being is an intelligence that has been trained on biased data.
- Doing it wrong is often faster and cheaper than doing it right. At first.
- 80% of writing software is creating bugs. The other 80% is taking them out again.
- Sufficiently advanced incompetence is indistinguishable from malice.
- The purpose of a system is what it does.
New #HPC Job! 🕶️: Title: Director of Illinois Computes
Location: Urbana, IL
Employer: National Center for Supercomputing Applications
Remote: Hybrid
https://illinois.csod.com/ux/ats/careersite/1/home/requisition/9167?c=illinois
Director of Illinois Computes - The National Center for Supercomputing Applications

Duties & ResponsibilitiesIllinois Computes Program Leadership •Publicly and enthusiastically represent and promote the program across the UIUC cam...

So far, sabbatical has been 10% meeting new people and hearing about their work, 90% long stretches of time with no meetings to actually get things done.

As it should be.

Book 12/12 is Improbable Destinies: How Predictable is Evolution?
https://www.penguin.co.uk/books/284353/improbable-destinies-by-losos-jonathan/9780141981192

Some of these old experiments are disturbing. Also, I noticed that the scientists discussed were very white and male.
A little late for 2023, I know.

Improbable Destinies

'One of the best books on evolutionary biology for a broad readership ever written' Edward O. Wilson A dazzling tour of evolution in action that sheds light on one of the greatest debates in science The natural world is full of fascinating instances of convergence: phenomena like eyes and wings and tree-climbing lizards that have evolved independently, multiple times. Convergence suggests that evolution is predictable, and if we could replay the tape of life, we would get the same outcome. But there are also many examples of contingency, cases where the tiniest change - a random mutation or an ancient butterfly sneeze - caused evolution to take a completely different course. In Improbable Destinies, renowned researcher Jonathan Losos reveals what the latest breakthroughs in evolutionary biology tell us about one of the greatest ongoing debates in science. Evolution can occur far more rapidly than Darwin expected, which has opened the door to something that was previously thought impossible: experimental studies of evolution in nature. Drawing on his own work with anole lizards on the Caribbean islands, as well as studies of guppies, foxes, field mice and others being conducted around the world, Losos reveals just how rapid and predictable evolution can be. By charting the discoveries of the scientists who are rewriting our understanding of evolutionary biology, Improbable Destinies will change the way we think and talk about evolution.

250/250 is Method in limbo? Theoretical and empirical considerations in using thematic analysis by veterinary and One Health researchers
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.prevetmed.2023.106061

<sigh> I have so much to learn

249/250 is A simulation-based method to inform serosurvey designs for estimating the force of infection using existing blood samples
https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pcbi.1011666

Useful approach - could probably apply in other surveillance scenarios

A simulation-based method to inform serosurvey design for estimating the force of infection using existing blood samples

Author summary The historical circulation of dengue virus is still poorly understood in many parts of the world, and age-stratified seroprevalence surveys can provide the data to quantify population exposure to dengue and its transmission intensity. In this work, we developed a simulation-based method that can be used to identify the sample sizes and age-distribution of the samples needed to obtain informative estimates of dengue force of infection from existing blood samples. We apply this method to data obtained from a SARS-CoV-2 serological survey previously conducted in three cities in Ghana. The methods and code developed in this paper can be used to design serological surveys for dengue and other pathogens when using existing blood samples with accompanying information on age and location.

248/250 is The effect of temperature on the boundary conditions of West Nile virus circulation in Europe
https://doi.org/10.1101/2023.11.08.566207

They really need to model mosquito population dynamics over the course of the season

247/250 is Assessing vaccine hesitancy and support for vaccination requirements for pets and potential Spillovers from humans
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vaccine.2023.10.061

Some concerning findings here. On the Lyme vx, though, I'd want location data

246/250 is Different demographic responses of three species of container Aedes (Diptera: Culicidae) larvae to timing of extrinsic mortality
https://doi.org/10.1093/jme/tjad129

We've seen the same over-compensation after adulticiding of Culex. Mosquitoes just gotta make our lives difficult, huh?

Different demographic responses of three species of container Aedes (Diptera: Culicidae) larvae to timing of extrinsic mortality

Abstract. Mortality imposed on a population can interact with negatively density-dependent mortality to produce overcompensation, wherein added mortality result

OUP Academic