A high resolution zoomable version of the 2025 keogram was made by
@tammojan which also shows the motion of clouds, stars and planets from day to day.
https://astron.nl/~dijkema/keogram/This plot shows the exposure time and gain (camera sensitivity) used by the camera for one night, when compared to the keogram for that night. Sunset and sunrise are at the red lines. The camera remains sensitive to colors during evening and morning twilight.
For the 2024 keogram I compared the observed keogram with predictions, where the yellow lines show sunset (dash-dotted), sunrise (dotted) and when the Sun is in the South (solid line), while the red lines show the same for the Moon. They match though the camera is sensitive to color into twilight.
This is the 5th year that the all sky camera has been running 24/7/365, and hence the 5th year-long keogram I've been able to make. These are the keograms from 2021, 2022, 2023 and 2024. The hourglass shape is the same, but the diagonal bands of the Moon shift from year to year.
In the year-long keogram, 365 of these daily keograms are concatenated vertically to make up the full keogram. This image shows the 2021 keogram and daily keograms and separate all sky images for 3 separate days spread throughout the year.
In a keogram, the pixel values along a line running (approximately) from South to North are extracted from each image and concatenated in time. This video shows 24 hours of images, and the resulting keogram. It shows the colors of the night and day and the passage of the Sun, Moon and stars.
Sometimes can camera captures rare events, such as Aurora borealis (Northern lights), an Earth grazing meteor, or even the atmospheric re-entry of a Space X rocket.
ALT
Every 15 seconds, the camera takes a picture of the entire sky such as these, showing the Sun, Moon, stars and their constellations, but being in the Netherlands, lots of clouds. The exposure & gain of the camera are automatically adjusted, to 15 seconds at night, and 32 microseconds during daytime.
The all sky camera consists of a 6 mega pixel astronomical color camera from ZWO with a fish-eye lens that is controled by a Raspberry Pi mini computer and housed in a weather proof enclosure with an acrylic dome. The computer also controls a relay to enable a fan and a dew-heater against moisture.
Since posting this 2025 year-long keogram, there have been quite a few questions asking how it was created and what is visible. In this thread I'll try to explain how it all works.