@joeress I so seldom heard that sound, because I've generally left my computers on 24/7. so usually that sound was something of a milestone, like a hardware upgrade or something.
I guess back in college that sound meant "I'm going home for the weekend", which maybe is why it sparks joy.
I've been using #FreeBSD since 1995. 31 years, more or less.
I was never aware of this most vital community resource.
@platymew @25admins
It is a bit more complex than a "5 second rule". Basically, a TXG will be open for UP TO 5 seconds, but if there is a lot of data that has changed, it'll end early.
When you create a snapshot, it also ends the currently open transaction group early.
So, when you (or better yet, your automated tooling) runs `zfs snapshot`, anything that has been written by an application up to that point, is written out atomically as part of the snapshot.
@csyn @25admins Yes, use a raw file instead of qcow2, (since you already get COW from ZFS). You can use qemu-img (with preallocation off to save time/space) or just the `truncate` command to create it.
If you are going to use a qcow2 file, as Jim said, set the parameters in qemu-img to make it with an internal 16kb size.
virtiofs and 9p are nice for convenience, but I wouldn't recommend for a database.
@mdavis Do you have the actual error messages handy?
A number of others have done most of the heavy lifting on certctl recently.
The team at Klara is working on some improvements, and possibly a rewrite in C to make it faster too. Would be happy to pass on the details (or a bugzilla link) to make sure it gets fixed.
@shom @jimsalter @numbleroot @joeress Haha.
I remember going to Japan with 3 laptops, and getting funny looks. I don't care that many anymore, my old-man back can't do it.
Michael W Lucas 
scriptjunkie
