The Australien Government has made an ad about Alcoa, and it's surprsingly honest and informative.

https://youtu.be/FWrdQxmGlO8

Ancient Jaw Surgery Survival: CT Scans Reveal 2,500-Year-Old

The CT scans exposed a severe head trauma: a depression fracture in the right temporal bone, measuring 6 to 8 millimeters deep. This injury obliterated the right temporomandibular joint (TMJ), the hinge connecting the lower jaw (mandible) to the skull that enables chewing, speaking, and facial movements. Ligaments ruptured, the jaw displaced, rendering normal functions nearly impossible.

For horse-riding nomads like the Pazyryk, such an injury—likely from a fall during equestrian activity—would have been catastrophic. Without intervention, starvation or infection could follow swiftly in their harsh, treeless environment where survival depended on hunting and herding.

The precision required to diagnose and treat this internally complex area underscores the healers' expertise. The TMJ is one of the body's most intricate joints, involving cartilage, ligaments, muscles, and nerves; damage here causes profound pain and dysfunction, much like modern temporomandibular disorders (TMD).

https://www.academicjobs.com/research-publication-news/ancient-altai-woman-survived-jaw-surgery-ct-scans-2500-years-ago-5259