@rombarthelemy @kennethbaillie in fact, from a pure frequentist standpoint, the probability that the confidence intervals contains the true effect is either zero or one (it either does not, or does). We just donât know which, so we control the long term error rates so that we are more often correct in our assertions. Using those rules of frequentism, I will assert that there is an effect here. And I am likely to be correct in the long term at an error rate that I am comfortable with.