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rysiek @
sircmpwn Proof-of-Work and Proof-of-Stake, i.e. the mechanisms used to derive and secure the distributed consensus in a blockchain.
PoW is what's used in Bitcoin and Ethereum and many others, where more computer power means you decide what blocks get included in the chain (and you get a smallish reward in the chain currency).
PoS is used in some altcoins, and uses "staking" to decide on the "correct" chain. Essentially, instead of producing a proof of work, which you attach to your proposed block, and the longest chain (i.e. the one on which the most work is expended) is the canonical one, you instead submit a block with some amount of your balance attached to it, and the "correct" chain is the one with the biggest stake over the last X blocks. After X blocks have been mined, you can use your stake again in transactions or more staking, and you additionally get a smallish reward.