The Chinese Steamroller: Quantifying the Systemic Threat to Europe’s Industrial Base | Haut-commissariat à la stratégie et au plan

China’s industrial rise now represents a systemic shock for the European economy. Over the past decades, Beijing has built a productive apparatus of unparalleled scale, combining significantly lower costs, massive overproduction and very rapid technological upscaling. China has become the world’s leading manufacturing producer and is generating record trade surpluses, durably reshaping the global industrial geography.