Is a net growth advantage necessary for #multicellularity?
We often assume groups must outperform single cells locally. But @ctarnita & colleagues show that spatial heterogeneity can drive this transition via indirect benefits
www.nature.com/articles/s41...
Direct benefits are not necess...
Direct benefits are not necess...

Direct benefits are not necessary for the evolution of multicellularity - Nature Ecology & Evolution
A model for the evolution of multicellularity in a spatially heterogeneous environment shows that indirect mechanisms such as escape from competition and increased environmental exploitation can drive the evolution of multicellularity in the absence of direct benefits.