From an #NBER research paper:
Workers today are about half as likely to receive a better-paying outside job offer as they were in the 1980s — and fully ONE-THIRD of this decline is attributable to “employer concentration and the growing use of noncompetes.”

https://www.nber.org/papers/w34981

The Long-Term Decline of the U.S. Job Ladder

Founded in 1920, the NBER is a private, non-profit, non-partisan organization dedicated to conducting economic research and to disseminating research findings among academics, public policy makers, and business professionals.

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