Synthesis of piss from household chemicals, the non-biochemical way.
And it works surprisingly well, that last shot is two drops of the resultant liquid in 150 ml of water.

...have you ever seen a paper that quotes instructables?!
https://arxiv.org/pdf/2603.28875

...anyone with access to a TEM wanna repeat this synthesis and see what they get?

https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlepdf/2014/gc/c3gc42562b

@gigabecquerel I suppose one could attempt to estimate the particle size some other way. I would assume it's easier to fudge up a dynamic light-scattering apparatus at home than anything involving electron microscopy.
@gigabecquerel by a weird coincidence we looked up this one late last night because we stumbled across a mention that when making carbon dots in this way, the fluorescence is due to citrazinic acid (6-hydroxy-2-pyridone-4-carboxylic acid) formed during microwaving, and it was the citrazinic acid we were researching
@gigabecquerel (oh, to be more precise: citrazinic acid is formed in microwave syntheses of N-doped carbon dots involving citric acid and urea)