@futurebird Assuming they have some sort of gateway and IP connectivity, how would you tell?

NASA wouldn't tell us the address range for Artemis or the ISS. And in all likelyhood if it was some sort of IPv4 or IPv6 connectivity, it would be on a non-routable 10/8 network. So in your e-mail headers or your Apache log, all you'd see is regular IPv4 or IPv6 addresses. Best you could do is say "this IP address belongs to NASA or the U.S. government."

The only way to tell would be if they had a footer in their e-mail to indicate they had types or dictated it from space.