@ferret Back before http, there was gopher. They released close together and were competition. Http won the protocol war. Though, really, it should have been AND not OR.
Gopher is a simplier protocol. It does only text and links. I don't know if it originally was able to download not-text, but it can now, just not render them. Only text. In fact, my gopher hole (think "web site" but not web) is just plain markdown text files in a directory listing.