Photonuclear interactions occur when light-speed particles in an accelerator barely miss each other, allowing the high-energy photons from their electromagnetic halos to interact with passing nuclei. This phenomenon enables physicists to probe the internal structure of nuclear matter and study the strong force binding it together.
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https://www.sflorg.com/2026/03/phy03262602.html
“Near-misses” in particle accelerators can illuminate new physics, study finds

Physicists discovered new properties of the strong force by analyzing what happens when light-speed particles skim by each other.