@christineburns @scotdowser My current dwelling here in the US has the outdoor units for each apartment perched on every available inch of roof space, although the heat here is very much still gas at the moment. (They installed the heat pumps without reversing valves for some strange reason, so they only work in "cooling" mode... Not that I really mind, given that my computers put out enough heat to keep the place "rather uncomfortably warm" without the thermostat's assistance, even in the dead of winter, when combined with my downstairs neighbors seemingly having the thermostat preferences of a lizard)
Though it is possible to have multi-head systems for larger flats or communal heating, so you could end up needing fewer outside units than you have apartments in the building.
@christineburns @scotdowser Newer refrigerants (or sometimes just a better design with the same refrigerant) can actually do pretty well even for air-sourced heating.
Personally I would hope for a zoned setup for anything communal, rather than cheaper hacks that should never be used (one also sees similar hacks on water radiator heating in crappy buildings).
Some dual-conduit portable ACs can also do heating, among other options (those are the ones that don't create a negative pressure, anything that creates a negative pressure is a bad idea).