Apple claims the Macbook Neo can do "4K60".

But I think that might actually specifically be a software limitation as well, not hardware. Apple seems to have limited display output on the Neo so the width can't be greater than 3840px (as in 3840x2160).

Connecting it to my Odyssey G9 with a native resolution of 5120x1440, it won't let me select the native res, even at 60Hz, despite it theoretically being less bandwidth than 4K60.

It will even let me do 3840x1080 @ 120Hz, but no 5120x1440 whatsoever.

Similarly the LG C2 in my living room accepts DCI 4K (4096x2160) in addition to the typical consumer 4K (3840x2160). But nope, when I connect the Neo to my C2, the only 4K option it gives me is 3840x2160.

I think the Macbook Neo actually has a hardcoded resolution limit along the lines of:
if( $displayWidth > 3840) {
refuse;
}

This might apply to 2160 vertically as well, but I don't have a display with a greater vertical resolution to test with.
@quad
I know it's a me problem, but when I saw "4K60", my first thought was "what kinda Soviet missile is this?"