This is not a TPM encryption issue, if it were you would be prompted for a recovery key instead of a standard BSOD. I would assume failing HHD/SSD/NVME boot drive or driver conflict. You can try launching into safe mode which will give you a chance to copy your data. If that fails, installing Windows into a new, empty drive or a Linux live environment may be another viable option to you.

Get yourself a small 2 bay NAS in mirror mode and get your data backed up.