How is this not attempted murder, even if the victim was relatively unharmed?

The actual intention to commit homicide has to provably exist in the mind of the accused for it to be murder. When no intent to kill can be proven, but a person engages in hostile, aggressive conduct that a reasonable person would understand creates a risk of death, most criminal justice systems use charges based on recklessness, criminal negligence, or extreme indifference to human life, rather than intentional homicide.

This should really be in the sidebar of this com, it comes up in nearly every thread.

I didn’t intend to kill him. I just recklessly shot him fifteen times.