Does anyone have a source other than Wikipedia or space.com about what size the average galaxy is (in terms of number of stars)? Preferably the median galaxy, and if you have like a spreadsheet or something, that would be great. I don't have a reason to need this other than curiosity, but maybe that's enough? #astronomy #astrophysics #AstrophysicsOfGalaxies
The evolution of galaxy sizes | Proceedings of the International Astronomical Union | Cambridge Core

The evolution of galaxy sizes - Volume 8 Issue S295

Cambridge Core
@pglpm I'll take a look, thanks!

@BathysphereHat Difficult. You will see that astronomers usually talk about mass, not the number of stars, the mass being far easier to measure. Also, there are vastly different and not really comparable galaxy types. So an average or even a median over all galaxies isn't really a meaningful number. Finally, most galaxies that we can observe are very far away from us, meaning that we see them during an early phase of their evolution - this makes them not very comparable with Milky Way which is our model.

That's why https://www.rocketstem.org/2025/07/25/how-many-stars-are-there/ for example just assumes that Milky Way with its 100 billion stars is typical.

That said, https://www.mssl.ucl.ac.uk/www_astro/outreach/School/Galaxies/spiral.html for example claims that spiral galaxies represent half of all the galaxies and their size is typically comparable to the Milky Way. Same source says that elliptical galaxies have a magnitude fewer stars, counted in millions rather than billions. And one quarter of the galaxies are irregular which means that there are really no universal rules here. Mind you, this source is rather dated. I don't know whether better estimates exist today.

How many stars are there in the Universe? - RocketSTEM

MeeSong asks how many stars there are? Astronomers have estimated the total number of stars in the Universe. It is a VERY BIG number!

RocketSTEM