An eBPF Loophole: Using XDP for Egress Traffic
https://loopholelabs.io/blog/xdp-for-egress-traffic
XDP only works for ingress. We found a loophole that lets it work for egress. Here's how we did the impossible.
From 2022: https://www.samd.is/2022/06/13/egress-XDP.html
You can also use XDP for outgoing packets for tap interfaces.