> In the 1886 case of Santa Clara County v. Southern Pacific Railroad, a legal sleight-of-hand provided corporations with the same protections as human beings ("persons") under the 14th Amendment. In a series of cases in the late 1800s, the Court developed a doctrine known as "substantive due process " by which the Court could substitute its judgment for that of the legislature to decide whether a particular law was wise policy.
https://poclad.org/BWA/2002/BWA_2002_WINTER.html
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The Rule Of Law versus Democracy

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> This doctrine[of corporate personhood] was fully formed in the 1905 case, Lochner v. New York, in which the Court overturned a New York law limiting bakery workers to 12-hour days.
> The combination of these two doctrines -- corporate personhood and substantive due process -- enabled corporations to wield the 14th Amendment (as persons) as a tool of the coercive force of law against the efforts of real people to provide for community needs.

https://poclad.org/BWA/2002/BWA_2002_WINTER.html
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The Rule Of Law versus Democracy