The more I learn about atmospheric chemistry, the more terrified and angry I am about satellite companies' blatant lack of consideration for how their actions will harm the atmosphere. I hope this gets a lot of press. Great work by a whole team of scientists, including @astrokiwi.bsky.social!

https://www.nature.com/articles/s41612-025-01098-6.epdf

Near-future rocket launches could slow ozone recovery | npj Climate and Atmospheric Science

Rocket emissions thin the stratospheric ozone layer. To understand if significant ozone losses could occur as the launch industry grows, we examine two scenarios. Our ‘ambitious’ scenario (2040 launches/year) yields a −0.29% depletion in annual-mean, near-global total column ozone in 2030. Antarctic springtime ozone decreases by 3.9%. Our ‘conservative’ scenario (884 launches/year) yields −0.17% annual, near-global depletion; current licensing rates suggest this scenario may be exceeded before 2030. Ozone losses are driven by the chlorine produced from solid rocket motor propellant, and black carbon which is emitted from most propellants. The ozone layer is slowly healing from the effects of CFCs, yet global-mean ozone abundances are still 2% lower than measured prior to the onset of CFC-induced ozone depletion. Our results demonstrate that ongoing and frequent rocket launches could delay ozone recovery. Action is needed now to ensure that future growth of the launch industry and ozone protection are mutually sustainable.

Co-author Michele Bannister posted a thread about this paper yesterday on bluesky: https://fed.brid.gy/r/https://bsky.app/profile/did:plc:f3jxtgz7tnwvzkpgzb6wsqqj/post/3lr7qoirmxr27
Bluesky

Bluesky Social

My takeaway: Satellite launches are undoing the recovery of the ozone layer that should be happening now that CFCs are banned. And this study doesn't even take into account metal deposition from reentries, which might be even worse!

When I teach climate change in my astro classes, I always give the recovery of the ozone layer as an example of how countries can work together to fix a giant problem (Montreal Protocol). I guess satellite companies are now destroying that too.

@sundogplanets Only one solution: build satellites _outside_ the atmosphere!

(This is a joke, but I am almost sure that someone will make that suggestion at some point.)

@jexner @sundogplanets You know, if we're brainstorming out-of-the-box solutions, why not consider a space elevator? 🚀🌍 Imagine a giant tether stretching from Earth into space, allowing us to send satellites and payloads up without the need for traditional rocket launches. It's like taking the stairs instead of the elevator—well, actually, it is the elevator!

Not only could this reduce the number of rocket launches, but it might also help protect our precious ozone layer from further harm. Plus, think of the views! 🌌
🌟 https://youtu.be/V0ju74IqW0A

Space Elevators: Strategies & Status

YouTube
A space elevator that can only be used by the rich, to cover the sky in their spy satellites. Sounds like an amazing solution. Maybe we could focus on not letting rich people deploy massive amounts of satellites at all? Or on not letting people be that rich? No elevator needed!

But yeah, space elevators are cool. Completely infeasible, since there is no material that could withstand the gravitational forces. The tether would pull itself apart by its own weight like taffy. Nanotubes are like nuclear fusion, they look great on paper.

CC: @jexner@tooting.ch @sundogplanets@mastodon.social

Hey @cy

I like your revolutionary pessimism—and I really hope you like my evolutionary tech optimism too.

I understand your skepticism around space elevators, especially concerns about their accessibility and the materials needed for their construction.

Comparing Space Elevators to nuclear fusion is an interesting analogy, but it overlooks a key distinction: nuclear fusion is already completely feasible; the challenge lies in engineering a sustained fusion reaction. The feasibility of CNTs for space elevators is grounded in our current understanding of physical reality. Throughout history, many innovations have followed this pattern—from Leonardo da Vinci's observations of bird flight to the Wright brothers' first powered flight. These advancements were not just "great on paper"; they were feasible based on the physical principles knowen in their time. I see the incredible progress humanity has made and that this trend will continue into the future, with societal and technological progress working hand in hand.

The idea that a space elevator would be "only for the rich" and used primarily to deploy spy satellites is overly pessimistic. I know the world isn't perfect, but it's getting better. The device you're using to communicate here probably has superior computational power compared to the entire Apollo program. And obviously, you could afford the device—even if only half a century ago, the effort and resources of the richest nation on Earth were necessary. Don't you see the progress? I agree that the distribution of wealth should be more equitable, but from there to overlook that even if the arc of justice bends slowly, it still bends toward justice. The rich are not a universal "got you," as you seem to infer. Society is a complex system, just like the economy; complex systems are usually not understood by a single solution.

Let's consider the broader vision and potential democratizing effect of this technology. The industrial revolution brought many hardships but ultimately also made the abolition movement possible. Technological development may not be sufficient but is a necessary condition for social progress. The universe is a vast and abundant place, easily making scarcity obsolete if explored and accessed in a reasonable and ethical manner. Space elevators promise to drastically reduce the cost of sending payloads and people to orbit—potentially by factors of 50 to 100 compared to rockets. This cost reduction could make space access affordable for a much wider range of users, including researchers, educators, small businesses, NGOs, and developing nations.

Enabling large-scale infrastructure projects in space could be a big step toward a post-scarcity, utopian future for all of humanity, with abundant energy and resources. Solar power satellites that provide clean energy to Earth and abundant resources through asteroid mining would benefit all of humanity. The historical pattern of technological advancement shows that what starts as expensive and exclusive often becomes accessible over time.

We can imagine and work toward a future where technology serves the many, not just the few.

We already live in a post-scarcity society. Just give all the food we can make to the people who need to eat, easy! Post-scarcity has existed for longer than recorded history. The myth is scarcity, where they steal your shirt and proclaim "Oh no, shirts are just so scarce, you can't have any!"

And guilt-tripping me over owning a potato machine that can't even play games might work on some people, but I look at what this amazing computer can helped me do, i.e. not much.

You should be aware that a lot of progress is concealing exploitation and slave labor, where people sell you machines more powerful than the Apollo program that spy on you, because they're undercutting the price with all the workers they're screwing over to manufacture this stuff. Let me know when Intel's chip fabrication plants are nationalized, but otherwise it's less a matter of everyone is doing better and more a matter of I just happen to not be the one getting stepped on today.

I imagine a future where we work together with the people around us, and help each other directly, building strong, resilient communities, and not letting some shyster come in and go on about how great the future is in British Gas Shares until we're all in the poorhouse again. It's a future we could be living tomorrow. No advanced technology needed.