I tried Incremental Online K-Means (IOKM) for color quantization based on a 2022 paper but seems like it also adds random dithering as a side effect so it's not really useful for compressing textures.
The paper: https://web.archive.org/web/20240921154745/https://faculty.uca.edu/ecelebi/documents/ESWA_2022.pdf
Left: libimagequant, Right: IOKM.