What's the most cited research published in the 21st century?

Which are the most cited papers of all time?

And what decades-old science studies are still heavily referenced today?

Answers to all these and more in a series of features in Nature on the research that makes the top of the citation charts.

(Long-time readers will remember a 'top 100 papers' that Nature ran in 2014 -- as part of this package this is updated to the present day)

https://www.nature.com/articles/d41586-025-01125-9

Exclusive: the most-cited papers of the twenty-first century

A Nature analysis reveals the 25 highest-cited papers published this century and explores why they are breaking records.