On "circular battery self-sufficiency". Encouraging and optimistic essay, with extensive links to supporting references, by Cory Doctorow about the path to fully renewable electricity generation: @pluralistic:
https://pluralistic.net/2024/08/06/with-great-power/
Pluralistic: Circular battery self-sufficiency (06 Aug 2024) – Pluralistic: Daily links from Cory Doctorow

@Sebschmoller @pluralistic
"The most common extant forms of battery recycling are pyrometallurgy (burning the batteries) and hydrometallurgy (shredding the batteries and soaking them in a liquid solution). Both capture only a limited set of the metals in the batteries and produce environmentally unpleasant byproducts of their own, including CO2 emissions."
https://www.volts.wtf/p/electrifying-battery-recycling
Regenerative electro-hydrometallurgy aims to fix those problems.
Electrifying battery recycling

Conventional ways of recycling lithium-ion batteries produce unwelcome byproducts, including carbon emissions. Now a company called Aqua Metals is betting on a new technique -- electro-hydrometallurgy -- that is run on clean, cheap renewable electricity. I get into the details with CEO Steve Cotton.

Volts
@Sebschmoller @pluralistic
So this should be a solved problem by the time today's massive production of batteries is EOL in 15-40? years.