This investigation of Ranga Dias' superconductivity publications is remarkable for multiple reasons.

https://www.nature.com/articles/d41586-024-00716-2

Nobody comes out of it well, but Nature are much more transparent about the editorial process than I can ever remember. (It's a little unclear if that was spontaneous, but, if not, the frequently claimed independence of Nature News came good.)

Thread. /1

Superconductivity scandal: the inside story of deception in a rising star’s physics lab

Ranga Dias claimed to have discovered the first room-temperature superconductors, but the work was later retracted. An investigation by Nature’s news team reveals new details about what happened — and how institutions missed red flags.

The "research" is at times risible. Key experimental results appeared suddenly in a manuscript version upon which lab members were given a couple of hours to comment before submission to Nature.

"When the students asked Dias about the stunning new data, they say, he told them he had taken all the resistance and magnetic-susceptibility data before coming to Rochester."

Just nonchalantly sitting on proof of room-temperature superconductivity for a few years, as one does. /2

The students are definitely not the villains of the piece, but if they "did not suspect misconduct at the time" and "trusted their adviser", they seem somewhat naive under the circumstances. /3

For the first paper, Nature engaged three referees and there were three rounds of review. One referee was strongly positive, the other two did not support publication. Nature went ahead anyway.

I can't think of a previous black on white example where Nature have admitted allowing impact to override quality, although that's always been the tacit implication of their editorial policy. And this is exactly the result they risk with that policy. /4

@BorisBarbour

For as long as I can remember, they've always made it quite explicit, that their editors reign supreme and reviewers only advise them - and that this goes in bnoth directions.

In the words of now infamous Declan Butler, "peer-review light": the non-peers are making the main decisions and the peers are relegated to the back-seats.

@brembs @BorisBarbour

For the record, this is how it is at all journals. The editors make the official decision, not the peer reviewers. Technically, peer reviewers are providing advice to the editors, even in journals like J Neuroscience and J Neurophys.

In one of the first papers from my new lab (submitted to J Neurophys), the editor wrote a note at the top saying "Remember, you have to address all the reviews, you do not have to accommodate them." (Reviewer 2 had an incorrect understanding of statistics.)

@adredish @brembs

I can't help feeling there is a difference between an expert overriding an erroneous opinion and letting slide an unresolved fundamental issue about a revolutionary claim. We don't have the detail to know exactly where on that spectrum this case falls, but the claims were massive.