19% import tax

That’s import VAT, that is, if you import something they want to make sure that you’re paying the same 19% VAT as if someone else had imported it and then sold to you. Doesn’t apply to stuff under 22 Euro as the paperwork would cost them more than you owe.

There’s also import tariffs though most stuff, and in particular most electronics, don’t have any tariff applied, these are EU single market tariffs and not German in particular. The currently largest one seems to be e-bikes from specifically China, a total of 80% as an anti-dumping measure. Under usual circumstances tariffs tend to be under 20%, shoes with uppers from stuff other than leather about 17%, 10% on cars, 4% on leather clothing, lots of such stuff.

AliExpress really has that stuff figured out, they’re not fighting it any more, tons of issues in the past with Chinese sellers mis-labelling stuff to “save me money” which only meant that they got shitbinned by the Zoll and every single one of their parcels intercepted and inspected. They now have warehouses in the EU and do all the import handling when stocking them which means that the customer doesn’t have to interact with customs at all and orders arrive in a day or three.