ICYMI: I wrote about the Malaysian individual who was arrested over charges of alleged espionage.
(The charge has since changed from espionage to "economic crime." But this is not at all unusual.)
Traditional spycraft has always relied on deception based on identity. In my latest, I explained how intelligence operations are using plausible deniability in espionage to recruit unsuspecting agents from unlikely third countries.
Neutrality is not a shield.
https://www.lowyinstitute.org/the-interpreter/no-neutrality-espionage-why-malaysia-tangled-spying-case-norway