I suppose there was Shockley, but he started Shockley Semiconductor Labs *after* doing the work he won the prize for. Has anyone ever won for work they did *while* they were CEO? I can't find anything.
@pfau It seems more possible than ever for a CEO to have been responsible for some major discovery or breakthrough. Would be great to see that I suppose. But not sure it would be possible considering that projects like CERN aren't eligible.