This is not, I would suggest, failing safely.

My total guess: repeated data on input led to a system violation eg invalid memory access, and it segfaulted. Resulting system was in a borked state due to half-processed data, meaning no simple restart until diagnosis and cleanup had completed.

I could be wrong, but “system working as designed" this was absolutely not.

https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/business-66723586

Air traffic chaos caused by 'one in 15 million' event

The UK's air traffic control system shut itself down after software confusion over an unusual flight path.

BBC News