Serious addendum: Sweden, Norway and Finland have population densities lower than Brasil, and I think we should all expect to take in at least 100 million climate refugees during the next few decades. Another reason why we need to keep the countryside communities alive.

@Loukas Why do you need to keep rural communities alive for this? Migrants move to the cities whenever they have free choice; build extensive housing in the capitals, not in places that have not much housing demand and are full of people who want to keep their white villages white.

@Alon I don't think it's possible to scale up the present five small cities of Sweden, Norway and Finland to fit an extra 100m people.

@Loukas It's not possibly to scale anywhere to take this population influx, but the influx that can be scaled is one that the capitals can handle - they're rich and people are trying to migrate to the Nordic countries anyway (and many succeed, Sweden is not the dictatorship of Jimmie Åkesson). The housing growth target in all Nordic capitals should be on the order of 12/1,000 people annually: the Seoul region and Tokyo are just below that and have way worse long-term prospects.