The actual reason for a pilot shortage is due to fewer military pilots which used to transition to civilian pilots. It has nothing to do with the Department of Transportation.
The path for non-military folks to start from private pilot and end up at airline transport pilot is technically there, but unless you’ve got a bunch of money sitting around, it’s very prohibitive. And with pilot salaries being what they are, and not what they used to be, it’s an even harder sell.