@bluestocking @strngwys my Safeway in (fancy) Oakland put up huge, metal, bolted barricades that restrict entrance to two robotic gates. All closed checkouts are fully blockaded.
The only way to leave without buying is to get someone to open the gate at self-checkout. (If you buy there, you scan a receipt to release it.)
They did this many months ago and so now I shop there like 95 percent less.