I'm not a programmer but how do I get involved in developing features on this platform like, for example, 'timed toots'"? I'm putting my hand up to volunteer to make this place work better. Anyone know how I can help?
There is already a built-in post scheduler but the official apps don't have an interface for it. However, third party apps like Tusky and Fedilab do.
To answer the original question, there are lots of ways to participate as there are so many aspects to this place:
Mastodon is just one type of server, there are many other compatible types made by other people such as @gotosocial or @calckey or @pixelfed etc etc.
Then there are third party apps for most of them which may have extra features lacking from the core platforms.
If you see a project you're interested in, its website usually has a contribution guide.