@redshiftdrift @jimdonegan
I think there is something highly intriguing not cited in that paper: https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/0264-9381/4/6/025

if we agree that the universe is more complex than the Friedmann class can provide, the fits of such a cosmology will reveal shortcomings at some point. If this point has arrived now, synchronising all probes (e.g. by BAOs) across all scales an time, we will still end up with tensions, see here for more details: https://arxiv.org/abs/2203.11219

@GravityGrinch @jimdonegan
Ellis suggests "using a best fit between two cosmological models (inhomogeneous and smooth)".
@GravityGrinch you improve on that by using "consistently calibrated fits and perturbing biases with respect to each other".

However, this work shows that the CMB is contaminated by a signal that is not understood. If the data is not good, neither of the above approaches will work.
🔗 https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stac3491
🔗 http://arxiv.org/abs/2305.00268

cosmic shallows – I. Interaction of CMB photons in extended galaxy haloes

ABSTRACT. We report and analyse a serendipitous finding of foregrounds in the cosmic microwave background (CMB) radiation associated with extended galactic halo

OUP Academic

@redshiftdrift @GravityGrinch

Yes. It has concerned me since the advent of the whole B-Mode #Polarisation issue with respect to ancient #GravityWaves/#photon-#baryon oscillations that a whole lot more work is needed to separate out signal from noise in the #CMB. This certainly ruined #AlanGuth's day.