@bootlesshacker @pbrass polybius looks like the right track. If you choose any arbitrary and unique digit 1-5 to replace unique moon phases, then separate them into bigrams, you can construct a key. I constructed the bigrams and did a frequency analysis (English) - there were only 25 unique bigrams in the ciphertext. So in the encryption grid on
https://www.dcode.fr/polybius-cipher you can start constructing your key. My two most frequent bigrams were 23 and 12, so I tried E and T in those squares and so on down the frequency list. Because the bigrams themselves are constructed even though the individual digits were arbitrary, this should work, because I'm giving the tool my constructed bigrams as the ciphertext. Unfortunately, I couldn't get anything resembling words after a lot of shuffling letters around in the grid.