In this study, I focused on three main pillars of that ecosystem:
-Overt Russian state-funded propaganda (RT)
-Proxy sites connected to Russian intelligence (SouthFront, Global Research), which allow some degree of plausible deniability on the surface.
-Social media (in this case, Telegram groups that were set up for the truck convoy but which later became repositories for Russian propaganda).

I used a mix of OSINT tools & techniques, including GDELT.

The first major finding is that Russian-funded propaganda outlet RT produced a higher volume of television coverage focused on the truck convoy than any other international media outlet.

In fact, RT produced more convoy coverage than nearly all other international media outlets COMBINED. 4/

Russian-funded propaganda outlet RT (below, in orange) was also the first international media outlet to mention the truck convoy on-air, and as you can see, the peak volume far outpaced any other media outlet.

RT's early dominance is strategically important because it may have provided an opportunity for RT to set the tone for subsequent international media coverage. Given that RT's tone is whatever aligns with Russian state interests, this is significant. 5/

I also looked at convoy coverage on Russian proxy sites linked to Russian intel agencies (see article for more info). These sites “occupy an intermediate role between the pillars of the ecosystem with clear links to Russia and those that are meant to be fully deniable."

Specifically, I looked at Global Research & SouthFront, both of which produced ongoing coverage of the convoy that often included disinformation & inflammatory rhetoric, plus repeated calls for Trudeau to step down. 9/