Quick quiz! How common do you think pregnancy before marriage was in 18th century America? What percentage of babies were conceived out of wedlock at the time?
8%
18%
38%
58%
Poll ended at .
The answer to this question is that we don't know for sure, because there aren't enough records to tell exactly what the population average was.
However, what we *can* tell you, from a primary source of the extensive diaries of Martha Ballard, a midwife in rural Maine between 1785 and 1812, among her patients 38% of them had conceived before getting married.