The tragedy of the commons is a pernicious myth.

The demise of the commons of Britain and Europe wasn't the result of misuse by commoners, but enclosing by the landowners. The original hypothetical was made up for storytelling purposes, and the term was popularized by an ecologist with anti-immigrant and racist views.

Here is my recommended reading for heading into 2023:

https://aeon.co/essays/the-tragedy-of-the-commons-is-a-false-and-dangerous-myth

The tragedy of the commons is a false and dangerous myth | Aeon Essays

Far from being profoundly destructive, we humans have deep capacities for sharing resources with generosity and foresight

@mulegirl The article says, "The features of successful systems, Ostrom and her colleagues found..." and then gives a long list of criteria. If anything, this seems to support the common notion that there is a tragedy of the commons. If these criteria are *not* satisfied, then she's saying there *may actually be* a malfunction.