If you want to learn path tracing and render images like this, but have been put off by the math, check out this 3 part blog post on casual path tracing in shadertoy. It is very light on math but still allows you to render some very impressive images.
https://blog.demofox.org/2020/05/25/casual-shadertoy-path-tracing-1-basic-camera-diffuse-emissive/
https://blog.demofox.org/2020/05/25/casual-shadertoy-path-tracing-1-basic-camera-diffuse-emissive/

