@celesteh This piece by @[email protected] at C4SS discusses some historical alternatives to state involvement in healthcare, (although iirc the focus is on the US.)

https://c4ss.org/content/2088

Also, I think a lot of the root causes of many, (but obviously not all,) health problems would be greatly reduced in the absence of subsidies, (including limited liability for pollution,) to the chemical-industrial-agricultural complex.

@[email protected] @celesteh

"Long before the modern model of health insurance became prevalent, self-organized working class mutuals functioned to spread healthcare risks and costs among their members. It was part of a broader movement, a welfare state organized voluntarily and from the bottom up by workers for themselves..."