The menstrual cycle affects the entire body. Changes in hormones can cause changes to tissues all over the body, and that includes the mouth. Progesterone levels affect the gums - this is called menstruation gingivitis.

Just before your period, the gums can become inflamed. This might cause symptoms such as gums looking bright red and bleeding gums, which can cause toothache symptoms. Some people also experience swollen salivary glands, or increased mouth ulcers. The overall effect can be a very sore mouth.

Other hormone changes can also cause oral symptoms like this, especially puberty and pregnancy.