@rbreich It seems to me that the political solution is to have mandatory voting. About 2 dozen countries have this. This would reduce the value of keeping your base constantly angry to hype "turnout" and would cause the great middle who are neither Red or Blue to decide most elections. Those people are sitting out a lot of elections now but if they did vote they would not vote for the most extreme candidates who are just pandering to the base of a particular party. Implementation would be difficult, but we could look to those other countries who already do this.