Microsoft's rStar-Math aims to enhance small language models' math reasoning by:
➑️ using System 2-style deep thinking (careful analysis and step-by-step reasoning).
➑️ Monte Carlo Tree Search and self-evolution to generate high-quality training data.

It appears to achieve 90% accuracy on the MATH dataset and gets close to larger models, making advanced AI more accessible.

https://www.marktechpost.com/2025/01/10/microsoft-ai-introduces-rstar-math-a-self-evolved-system-2-deep-thinking-approach-that-significantly-boosts-the-math-reasoning-capabilities-of-small-llms/

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Microsoft AI Introduces rStar-Math: A Self-Evolved System 2 Deep Thinking Approach that Significantly Boosts the Math Reasoning Capabilities of Small LLMs

Mathematical problem-solving has long been a benchmark for artificial intelligence (AI). Solving math problems accurately requires not only computational precision but also deep reasoningβ€”an area where even advanced language models (LLMs) have traditionally faced challenges. Many existing models rely on what psychologists term 'System 1 thinking,' which is fast but often prone to errors. This approach generates solutions in a single inference, bypassing the iterative reasoning process essential for tackling complex problems. Furthermore, training high-quality models relies on curated datasets, which are particularly scarce for competition-level math problems. Open-source methods frequently fail to exceed the capabilities of their 'teacher' models,

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