W O R D
🇮🇸 Icelandic: Ostur
🇬🇧 English: Cheese
🏷️ Noun

E X A M P L E S E N T E N C E
🇮🇸 Icelandic: Ég keypti ostinn í búðinni í gær.
🇬🇧 English: I bought the cheese at the store yesterday.

G R A M M A R
📝 The word 'ostur' is a masculine noun. In Icelandic, nouns decline based on number (singular/plural) and definiteness (indefinite/definite). The indefinite singular form is 'ostur' (a cheese), while the definite singular form is 'osturinn' (the cheese). The indefinite plural form is 'ostar' (cheeses), and the definite plural form is 'ostarnir' (the cheeses).

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W O R D
🇮🇸 Icelandic: Bátur
🇬🇧 English: Boat
🏷️ Noun

E X A M P L E S E N T E N C E
🇮🇸 Icelandic: Ég keypti nýjan bát í gær.
🇬🇧 English: I bought a new boat yesterday.

G R A M M A R
📝 The word 'bátur' is a masculine noun. In Icelandic, nouns decline based on number (singular/plural) and definiteness (indefinite/definite). The indefinite singular form is 'bátur', while the definite singular form is 'báturinn'. The indefinite plural form is 'bátar', and the definite plural form is 'bátarnir'.

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W O R D
🇮🇸 Icelandic: Bíómynd
🇬🇧 English: Movie
🏷️ Noun (feminine)

E X A M P L E S E N T E N C E
🇮🇸 Icelandic: Ég keypti bíómyndina í gær.
🇬🇧 English: I bought the movie yesterday.

G R A M M A R
📝 The word 'bíómynd' is a compound noun made up of 'bíó' (cinema) and 'mynd' (picture/image). In Icelandic, nouns have definite and indefinite forms. The indefinite form is 'bíómynd' (a movie), while the definite form is 'bíómyndin' (the movie). The definite article '-in' is added to the end of the noun, and any adjectives or determiners preceding the noun must also agree with the noun in definiteness. In this example, 'bíómyndina' is in the accusative case because it is the direct object of the verb 'keypti' (bought).

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W O R D
🇮🇸 Icelandic: Nótt
🇬🇧 English: Night
🏷️ Noun (feminine)

E X A M P L E S E N T E N C E
🇮🇸 Icelandic: Nóttin var mjög dimm og köld.
🇬🇧 English: The night was very dark and cold.

G R A M M A R
📝 The word 'nótt' (night) is a feminine noun in Icelandic. It follows the strong feminine declension pattern. The definite form is 'nóttin' (the night), where the suffix '-in' is added to the indefinite form 'nótt'. The indefinite form 'nótt' is used when referring to 'a night' in a general sense, while the definite form 'nóttin' is used when referring to a specific night.

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W O R D
🇮🇸 Icelandic: Morgunmatur
🇬🇧 English: Breakfast
🏷️ Noun (masculine gender)

E X A M P L E S E N T E N C E
🇮🇸 Icelandic: Ég borða morgunmat klukkan sjö á morgnana.
🇬🇧 English: I eat breakfast at seven in the mornings.

G R A M M A R
📝 The word 'morgunmatur' is a compound noun formed by 'morgun' (morning) and 'matur' (food). In Icelandic, nouns can take definite or indefinite forms. The indefinite form is 'morgunmatur' (a breakfast), while the definite form is 'morgunmatinn' (the breakfast). The example sentence uses the indefinite form because it refers to breakfast in a general sense, not a specific breakfast.

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W O R D
🇮🇸 Icelandic: Ljótur
🇬🇧 English: Ugly
🏷️ Adjective

E X A M P L E S E N T E N C E
🇮🇸 Icelandic: Hann er mjög ljótur maður.
🇬🇧 English: He is a very ugly man.

G R A M M A R
📝 'Ljótur' is an adjective meaning 'ugly' in Icelandic. It is in the masculine nominative singular indefinite form. In Icelandic, adjectives agree with the nouns they modify in gender, number, and case. The definite form of 'ljótur' would be 'ljóti' when used with a definite noun (e.g., 'ljóti maðurinn' - 'the ugly man'). Adjectives in Icelandic can also take strong or weak declensions depending on whether they are used with definite or indefinite nouns.

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W O R D
🇮🇸 Icelandic: Gráta
🇬🇧 English: Cry
🏷️ Verb

E X A M P L E S E N T E N C E
🇮🇸 Icelandic: Ég grét mikið í gær.
🇬🇧 English: I cried a lot yesterday.

G R A M M A R
📝 The verb 'að gráta' (to cry) is a strong verb in Icelandic, meaning it undergoes vowel changes in its conjugation. The past tense form is 'ég grét' (I cried), not 'ég grátaði'. The verb does not typically take a definite or indefinite form itself.

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W O R D
🇮🇸 Icelandic: Blár
🇬🇧 English: Blue
🏷️ Adjective

E X A M P L E S E N T E N C E
🇮🇸 Icelandic: Himininn er blár í kvöld.
🇬🇧 English: The sky is blue tonight.

G R A M M A R
📝 The word 'blár' is an adjective meaning 'blue'. In Icelandic, adjectives must agree with the noun they modify in gender, number, and case. 'Blár' is the masculine nominative singular definite form. The indefinite form is 'blár' (masculine), 'blá' (feminine), or 'blátt' (neuter). For example, 'blár bolli' (a blue cup), 'blá bók' (a blue book), 'blátt haf' (a blue ocean). In the definite form, it becomes 'blái' for masculine nouns (e.g., 'blái himininn' - the blue sky).

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W O R D
🇮🇸 Icelandic: Geimfari
🇬🇧 English: Astronaut
🏷️ Noun (masculine)

E X A M P L E S E N T E N C E
🇮🇸 Icelandic: Hann er frægur geimfari sem hefur farið til Mars.
🇬🇧 English: He is a famous astronaut who has traveled to Mars.

G R A M M A R
📝 The word 'geimfari' is a compound noun formed by 'geim' (space) and 'fari' (traveler). In Icelandic, compound nouns often take the gender of the second part of the compound. Here, 'fari' is masculine, so 'geimfari' is also masculine. The indefinite form is 'geimfari' (astronaut), and the definite form is 'geimfarinn' (the space traveler). The plural indefinite form is 'geimfarar', and the plural definite form is 'geimfararnir'.

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W O R D
🇮🇸 Icelandic: Hákarl
🇬🇧 English: Fermented shark
🏷️ Noun (masculine)

E X A M P L E S E N T E N C E
🇮🇸 Icelandic: Ég borðaði hákarl í gær.
🇬🇧 English: I ate fermented shark yesterday .

G R A M M A R
📝 The word 'hákarl' (as food in this context) is a masculine noun in Icelandic. It is typically used in the definite form ('hákarlinn') when referring to a specific instance of fermented shark, but in the example sentence, it is in the indefinite form ('hákarl') because it refers to the dish in general. In Icelandic, many food items are referred to in the indefinite form when talking about them in a general sense. The word does not change form based on number (singular/plural) in this context.

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