Abstract. This research aims to explore how polymorphism in the keratin 27 (KRT27) and ELOVL fatty acid elongase 4 (ELOVL4) genes relates to the production traits of Liaoning cashmere goats (LCGs). PCR-seq was used to detect gene polymorphism in the experimental population DNA, and its correlations with production performance and regression analysis were calculated using the SPSS software. Single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) at locus 1919G/A was identified within KRT27, and the GG genotype showed superior wool fineness in doe, whereas the GA genotype showed favorable traits in buck. A SNP at locus 28666C/T was identified within ELOVL4, and the CC genotype showed excellent performance for cashmere fineness. The multi-genic effect genotype that affects the fineness of cashmere is a GGTT haplotype combination. Through multiple linear regression (MLR) analysis, it was found that the trait with the greatest direct impact on cashmere production performance and fineness is the cashmere yield rate, with a correlation coefficient of 0.915. The type with the greatest direct impact on lactation performance and cashmere fineness is TS, with a correlation coefficient of 16.369. The pleiotropism genotype that affects the fineness and related traits of cashmere has been determined to be the TT type. The GGTT haplotype combination, as an advantageous genotype that simultaneously affects cashmere fineness and lactation performance, can serve as a molecular marker of cashmere-fineness-assisted selection and provide a theoretical basis for the selection, breeding, and expansion of new fine-fiber strains of LCGs.
Purpose of review Chemical hair straighteners may contribute to adverse health outcomes, particularly among women of color, due to their higher use of these products. However, there is limited research on which chemical ingredients and contaminants may be the most putative agents. We conducted a scoping review to summarize the existing exposure assessment literature on chemicals of concern in two popular types of chemical hair straighteners (chemical relaxers and keratin treatments) and provide recommendations for future research. Recent findings Twenty-one studies and reports used one or more of the following methods to identify chemicals of concern: product testing, ingredient label analysis, biomonitoring, and air monitoring. Multiple chemicals were characterized in these products including formaldehyde, formaldehyde releasing preservatives (FRPs), volatile organic compounds, fragrance ingredients, metals, and endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) (e.g., phthalates, phenols, and parabens). Chemical composition varied by product type, with keratin treatments more frequently containing formaldehyde or FRPs and relaxers containing EDCs and fragrance ingredients. In addition to assessing potential exposures for consumers, several studies highlighted the potential for higher exposures in salon workers. Summary Multiple chemicals of concern, including endocrine active and carcinogenic chemicals, were identified in these products, and composition varied by product type. Future research should use new approaches, such as exposomics, to understand the full extent of environmental exposures among consumers and salon workers. Community-informed interventions are also imperative for reducing chemical exposures of concern and related health outcomes.
BackgroundAndrogenetic alopecia (AGA) is characterized by androgen-dependent follicular miniaturization and progressive disturbance of follicular structure a...
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