... LUSEE-Night will probably not operate until very late in the lunar day. The lander is designed to survive the lunar night, in fact to operate in the lunar night:

https://www.nasa.gov/solar-system/nasa-department-of-energy-join-forces-on-innovative-lunar-experiment/

https://phys.org/news/2025-07-scientists-craft-radio-telescope-bound.html

It may operate as long as 2 years. That will be quite an accomplishment. I think the rest of the lander is gone after the first lunar day - only LuSEE-night survives, so no other activities in later days.
#moon #BGM2

NASA, Department of Energy Join Forces on Innovative Lunar Experiment - NASA

NASA and the Department of Energy (DOE) are working together to develop a science instrument that will survive the harsh and unforgiving environment of the lunar surface at night on the far side of the Moon to attempt first-of-its-kind measurements of the Dark Ages of the Universe.

NASA

I'm back from a trip to the edge of the universe (AKA Hornby Island BC). I had mentioned payloads on BGM2 earlier, but here's a bit more about them. This is the website for the Rashid 2 rover:

https://www.mbrsc.ae/rashid-rover/

The original description of the LuSEE-Night payload said it had to avoid interference from lander operations, so lander ops would be over quickly. The rover and SPIDER seismometer will need to operate as long as possible, so.....
#moon #BGM2

Rashid Rover – MBRSC

However, nothing is quite as final as it seems. A year later (2024) Benjamin Saliwanchik (Brookhaven) et al. gave very slightly different coordinates - only 250 m from the Bale site. The map on the right here shows both points. Fine-tuning like this is very common in any site selection process. I have been recording the story of site selection like this for years for my new project (about which more in future).

OK - time to look at payloads...

#moon #BGM2

Where will BGM2 and its LuSEE-NIght payload go? This map takes us closer to the target area. A press release from Brookhaven gave a location near Nassau crater, shown yesterday, but in the same year Stuart Bale (UC Berkeley) gave different coordinates on the other side of the 180 meridian. It's Location 2, site 2 from the previous map. Which will it be? Bales' site looks like the final choice.
#moon #BGM2
Burns found more sites around 20 degrees south across the central far side. Location 2 had 2 candidates just east and west of the 180 meridian. In 2023 the mission team announced a target for the mission (the main payload gets to choose the landing site). It was not one of Burns's sites but it was close to one of them, on the north rim of a crater called Nassau. That looked like the end of the story but it's not, as we will see.
#moon #BGM2
Burns located some sites on the far side near Korolev basin in 2022, shown in this map. Another set of sites was further south.
#moon #BGM2

The LuSEE-Night payload on BGM2 is described here:

https://www.colorado.edu/ness/projects/lunar-surface-electromagnetics-experiment-night-lusee-night

It's one of two LuSEE payloads. The other, LuSEE-Lite, will go to another location later.

Site selection has been described in several meetings by Jack Burns (U. Colorado). Sites were on hills so the horizon would be low - to view the maximum amount of sky you want to avoid being in a valley or crater (Apollo 17's site would block quite a lot of sky).
#moon #BGM2

Lunar Surface Electromagnetics Experiment-Night (LuSEE-Night)

Network for Exploration and Space Science
Rashid 1 flew with ispace's Hakuto-R mission 1 which crashed. Second time lucky, I hope. All these payloads are described on that mission website. Also on that list is the obscurely-named User Terminal from JPL which will commission the Pathfinder relay. Tomorrow we will look at the landing site and the way it was selected.
#moon #BGM2
The BGM2 relay is Firefly's own and the first of several. As well as relaying data it has a high resolution camera system. The lander is designed to survive the night and could operate for quite a while. The mission also deploys Pathfinder, a European relay satellite, in lunar orbit. These relays and IM's will last for years and serve future missions. There is an Australian seismic instrument called SPIDER and a rover from the UAE, Rashid 2.
#moon #BGM2

We are looking a few months ahead at lunar missions early next year. Griffin, Blue Moon, Vertex... also set for roughly the same period - but no fixed dates yet for any of them - is Firefly's Blue Ghost Mission 2 (BGM2). Here is their website for it:

https://fireflyspace.com/missions/blue-ghost-mission-2/

Lots to talk about here. NASA's focus is on the Lunar Surface Electromagnetic Experiment at Night (LuSEE-Night), a radio astronomy payload on the far side, complete with a communication relay.
#moon #BGM2

Blue Ghost Mission 2 - Firefly Aerospace

Firefly's second lunar mission will deliver NASA, ESA, UAE, and commercial payloads to lunar orbit and the far side of the Moon in 2026.

Firefly Aerospace