Hans Otten

@hansotten
172 Followers
21 Following
421 Posts
Retro computing, mostly KIM-1 and clones like PAL-1

A spare KIM-1 keypad is even rarer than a KIM-1 itself. With this guide you can build a reasonable replica of the keypad.

Thanks to the work of Eduardo Casino (the PCB) and Pete (peo2000 on forum64.org) I have published a DIY guide for a good looking KIM-1 keypad replica.

http://retro.hansotten.nl/6502-sbc/kim-1-manuals-and-software/my-kim-1-family/kim-replicas-and-clones/diy-kim-1-keypad/

In 2025 Franz Achatz revived the A-ONE Apple 1 replica. The excellent design is refreshed, a new family member added: the A-ONE PLUS.
I now have the 2025 standard board, the 2025 PLUS and the 2006 EXTENDED. With the prototype boards with and without breadboard and the 2025 cassette interface.
http://retro.hansotten.nl/6502-sbc/apple-1/a-one/
New project, cleanup and restore this KIM-1 . Poor thing still works but had a rough life. KIM-1 collection complete now ..
Royce Taft has a MACH-9 MMS Inc 6809 CPU Plug-in for AIM 65 and reverse engineered it.
He sent me his design to be published here.
http://retro.hansotten.nl/6502-sbc/aim-65/aim-65/other-aim-65-hardware/mach-9-mms-inc-6809-cpu-plug-in-for-aim-65/

KIM1 MOD a replica KIM-1.

Small enough to take with you traveling, battery powered and thanks to the FRAM the contents of RAM are kept when powered off.
The FM1808 used is a non-volatile RAM (32Kx8), used here for ROM and RAM.
This design appeared in the Google group PAL 6502 computer devoted to the PAL-1 and PAL-1 (and the KIM-1 of course). The design is by Voyageur.
Read all about the KIM1Mod here :http://retro.hansotten.nl/6502-sbc/kim-1-manuals-and-software/my-kim-1-family/kim-replicas-and-clones/kim-1-portable-version-made-by-voyageur6502/

PicoSYM, a SYM-1 emulator on a Raspberry Pico

Emulation of a Synertek Sym-1 on a Raspberry Pi Pico 1 (W).

By andysa on the emulation forum on 6502.org

Read about it here: http://retro.hansotten.nl/6502-sbc/synertek-sym-ktm/sym-1/picosym-a-sym-1-emulator-on-a-raspberry-pico/

PicoSYM emulates a SYM-1 with the Supermon V1.1 Monitor, Basic, RAE Assembler & Editor and 1541DOS at the typical addresses.
The 1541DOS implementation uses "Port A" of an emulated VIA to connect to SD2IEC style floppy disk emulator modules.
.

Which transistors are used in the KIM-1 and clones? The LED driver and serial circuit require transistors.
MOS Technology used the 2N5371 and 2N5375, in later KIM-1s a wider variety of equivalents is used. A question in forum64.de in the Nachbau KIM-1 thread made me look at my KIM-1s. Here is the result:
http://retro.hansotten.nl/6502-sbc/kim-1-manuals-and-software/transistors-in-the-kim-1/
50 years of KIM-1!
The sale ended in 1981. KIM is Dead!!! Long live KIM!!!
But sales ended in 1981

50 years of KIM-1: KIM Clones

Vince Briel was the first to design and sell a KIM-1 clone, the Micro-KIM.
Essential was the replacement of the 6530 RRIOT with a 6532 RIOT and an external ROM. The idea came from Ruud Baltissen.

The PAL-1 and PAL-2 are still available as kit. The design files for the Micro-KIM are on github,

In the photo top row: Briel MicroKIM, Corsham KIM Clone and PAL-2.
Bottom row: PAL-1 , Corsham breadboard.

Not only Edison, but the Solo OS with Concurrent Pascal by Per Brinch Hansen, can run in simh:

http://pascal.hansotten.com/2026/01/13/solo-operating-system-running-in-simh/