Per @kodo's discussion with Gargron, a person's posts only make it to the federated timeline if someone on your instance is following that person. IMO this is a design flaw — it encourages centralization on one big instance (so that you can see entire conversations and find new people easily) even more than it encourages cross-instance links.
For me this is even more of a value-killer than not being able to bring your followers with you from instance to instance (and ironically if the latter were possible it would help with the former).
@sonya not doing that would be a quadratic scaling disaster, with every post having to be broadcast to every instance in the limit
@puellavulnerata @sonya gossip protocols, tho
@puellavulnerata @sonya they way I've seen stuff like that get implemented (for between nodes in a datacenter) is you basically have three protocols: a point-to-point one for unpopular content, a fanout spanning tree for medium popular, and a gossip protocol for the most popular content